绿色农药“绿”在哪？
<p data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">绿色农药，通常是指对人类健康安全无害、对环境友好、超低用量、高选择性，以及通过绿色工艺流程生产出来的农药。这类农药的特点是用量低、毒性低、残留低、风险低、对人畜和非靶标生物安全。</p><p data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.cnrlsw.com/upload/u/6/202311/1699591450552260.jpg" alt="3-1911111F952140.jpg" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: normal;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">过去，由于传统农药的长期过度使用和不合理使用，给人类健康带来了负面影响，很多人“谈药色变”。截至2022年3月底，我国的禁限用农药达50余种。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">我国对农药安全性的要求很高。一个新农药上市前，需要经过多方面的安全性评价，比如产品化学（纯度等与质量相关的实验，不能有有害杂质）、毒理学（三致、经口、经皮、亚慢性等毒性）、环境风险（蜂鸟鱼蚕、寄生性天敌等）、残留（植物动物环境代谢、膳食风险等），总计有上百项实验。因此，现在创制的新农药都是非常安全的。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: center;">据统计，全世界每年有10亿吨左右的农作物毁于病虫害，由于病、虫、草、鼠害等多方原因造成的作物减产幅度达20％~30％，一旦停止使用农药或用药不当，一年后收成将减少收成2%~40％（与正常用药相比），两年后将减少40~60％，甚至绝产。<img src="/upload/u/6/202311/1699591522798323.jpg" alt="u=3754534578,4046597324&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=138&f=JPEG.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">农药每年可以挽回30%~35%左右的谷物损失，价值约3000亿美元。合理使用并不断创新开发绿色农药，防治病、虫、草害，对于提高农作物单位面积产量、增强作物品质、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">贵州大学绿色农药全国重点实验室1996年由宋宝安院士创立，多年来始终坚持自主创新，目前已创制出毒氟磷、香草硫缩病醚、氟苄硫缩诱醚、异唑虫嘧啶等十多个绿色农药新品种。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">其中，毒氟磷是宋宝安院士带领团队创制的、我国第一个具有自主知识产权的抗病毒农药。通过将绵羊体内的一种化合物——α-氨基磷酸酯作为先导，定点引入生物活性氟原子和噻唑基团，最终研究开发出了毒氟磷这种生物源抗病毒药剂。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: center;"><img src="/upload/u/6/202311/1699591542150720.jpg" alt="u=4153338711,17356934&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=138&f=JPEG.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">同时，团队开发了以毒氟磷为核心的植物免疫诱抗新技术体系，在水稻黑条矮缩病、番茄病毒病等农作物病毒病防控中取得重大成就。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">毒氟磷相关项目经国家科技成果鉴定，其抗病毒活性及作用机理研究成果达到了国际领先水平，荣获国家四部委颁发的“国家重点新产品”称号，并获得国家科技进步二等奖。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">科技创新需要充分发挥一个人的智力和体力，是全方位、高强度劳动过程。在新产品创制过程中，从结构设计、化合物合成、工艺放大生产、安全性评估，到最终上市、推广应用，每一个环节都会遇到很多困难。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: center;"><img src="/upload/u/6/202311/1699591641533774.jpg" alt="CqgNOlr-JIqAb256AAAAAAAAAAA489.1772x1329.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">例如，在研发新农药“香草硫缩病醚”的过程中，科研团队在中试生产中遇到了多个技术困难，如产品收率低、副产物多、产物结晶速率过快、易结块等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;">团队成员在宋宝安院士的带领和指导下，从化学反应的基础理论和路线创新出发，深挖反应机制，优化工艺流程。经过近半年的科技攻关，最终在海南正业中农高科有限公司搭建了年产300吨生产线，产品收率达82.49%，产品纯度达95.68%，为创新品种应用推广提供了有力支持。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; text-align: left;"><span style="border: 1px solid #000000;">文章来源：科普中国 侵删致歉</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", XHW-pzh, "Lantinghei SC", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeitiSC-Light, simsun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Zen Hei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br/></p>
